samuel gawith tobacco shortage

Apr 17

It is probably moldy water from some dank part of Gawith's basement, but it still tastes pretty good. http://www.4noggins.com/samuelgawith-tobacco.aspx. A sweet smooth smoke is offered all the way through. It has some nicotine from what I hear and read but the smell and taste of it is just too overwhelming for me to enjoy it. No bite at all. A strong tobacco all around. As a traditional blend type this is an excellent choice that any Enthusiast should try. I keep postponing an order until SG is back in stock somewhere. Which is why I usually smoke this in my corn cob - it's the smallest pipe I own. Dark, rich and brooding - a truly wonderful smoke. Once the Virginias kick in, this stuff becomes pretty delicious. The online store is always open - you can shop with confidence at all hours of the day, from anywhere in the world. I just got out of church, where I sing in the choir. Even a small bowl last easily an hour. The difference is that I love the flavor profile of this weedabsolutely fantastic. Lighting, tamping then re-lighting gave a steady smoke that burned to the bitter end. That is not far off. For the pipe smoker who seeks a satisfying smoke, then experience Bracken Flake, with its unique and alluring aroma, brought about by the application of a long-used essence. Similar Blends: Samuel Gawith - 1792 Flake, Samuel Gawith - Brown No. Halfway down, the taste becomes stronger and tastes almost like a Tootsie Roll. This falls between 1792 and Gawith's Rum Flake in my estimate. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Take some time to allow the cool smudgy smoke to develop and One gets those delightful full flavors easily. It must be a Virginia/Burley mix. Then discovered that no one has this in stock! I cannot put my finger on this one. I read a lot of the reviews posted here and find most of them quite interesting and informative. Cob plug is the perfect tobacco for the connoisseur pipe smoker as it packs a good punch of strength and flavour from this blend of dark fired, oven baked mellow tobacco. It tasted like I was smoking pure Bull dung, not that I've tried bull dung before. I would certainly not recommend this tobacco to anyone but I know tastes differ and I wish all the best to those who like it. copyright intellectual property of the reviewer and STC Holdings LLC and may not be I can't fold it; it falls apart. Celtic Talisman. Composed solely of Virginias and Latakia, Samuel Gawith's Balkan Flake pipe tobacco is a rich, smoky, and slightly sweet English blend. The first bowl i "rubbed out" (more like breaking apart really) a few pieces, packed and lit it up. Even after drying out it took more effort to get it going, and it did not stay lit as long. Most all of my usual sources now have S. Gawith in-stock!! Company No. If you like Lakeland style blends with their toppings youll like this. It does get bitter toward the end, so follow kilted1's advice and smoke slowly. You must be 21 years or older to buy our products in accordance with current FDA regulations. Flakes break up fairly easily, but unevenly. I'm in the mood for something classical and satisfying. Bracken Flake is a very dark and fragrant burley and VA, with a good amount of that famous Lakeland essence, which I guess is Tonquin. A good deal darker (in looks and taste) and fuller than Rum Flake, I find it equally as sweet, but in a different way, and as strong or stronger than Rum Flake as well. Perhaps he knows what makes Bracken Flake taste the way it does, because the tin aroma is medicinal. The company originated in 1792 with Thomas Harrison, who was a notable and popular maker of snuff tobacco. We can ship almost anywhere. It is from the same gentleman that passed away and have mentioned in other reviews. The only similarity it has to 1792, is it's a densely pressed flake of many layers. Too bad there aren't more good tobacconists around here.or that I don't have the money to open up a shop. I just keep on trying the SG flakes and each one keeps coming up a winner. Bottom Line: For scented/Lakeland flake lovers, if you find 1792 (Cobb) Flake too strong but enjoy the tonquin flavor, this will be a welcome blend. Bracken Flake contains no noticeable tonquin. Like 1792, it came in a broken flake form, very easily rubbed out. A sweet smooth smoke is offered all the way through. Bracken is a medium to full bodied flake that is exceptionally smooth, earthy and has an illusive fruity sweetness. The presses and cutters used by S. Gawith are of Robert Legg manufacture, a company founded 1849 and became the major player powerhouse in providing heavy industrial machinery to the UK tobacco industry -- especially notable for pipesmokers are Robt. There are lots of comparisons to 1792, but for my taste, the added flavoring in 1792 (Tonquin) is nothing like Bracken and I find the added flavors in Bracken to be less pronounced than 1792. This should be tried by anyone who wants to explore the dark Lakeland flakes. Damn, you are in Toronto too. Too start from the beginning, it is, like all Gawith flakes, of very nice high quality tobacco. I have the best results when I smoke this outdoors. I don't know how else to explain it: details are much easier to see when colors are bright, whereas they must be hunted for in a dark composition. From April 2nd 2021 we comply with new Danish law that prevents us from showing pictures of tobacco products. 934 Queen Street W, Toronto, ON M6J 1G6. It's not something I reach for every day. This is a mild smoke with no bite. Taste is on the mild/medium side and the nicotine is medium. But the smoke is far more understated, so don't be put off. Strength is medium, and some of the fruit pouch note comes through in the smoke. I really wish this came in a light version, just too much for me. I will not waste my money or time with something what smells like arse fruit. Aroma: Black cherry, cough syrup, lemon curd, bitter collard greens. Romeo y Julieta This cigar is also considered as one of the most adored and is noticed as the cigar of choice by icon figures such as Winston Churchill. latakia? Shipping, taxes, and discounts will be calculated at checkout. Pretty good tobacco once it dries enough to accept flame. SG's darker flakes in terms of strength are 1. full virginia flake (more of a toasted flavor than real dark), 2. I was just happy that the soapy taste was totally absent from this Lakeland. The second bowl (the next day) i took some of the larger flakes and folded and stuffed them in my pipe. However, upon lighting there was no potpourri note, no Lakeland floral/soapy note, nor any tonquin note. Anyway, it's mostly in the scent, because the taste of the smoke is dominated by the tobacco (as it should be). Been smoking my pipe less and less lately. Look for Brown Sugar Flake and Beginners Luck. I just know that it works. Harrison passed the company and equipment down to his son-in-law, Samuel Gawith, whose company Samuel Gawith & Co, continues to this day. Or blowing away from your nose for that matter. It smells really nice, both in the tin and when lit. Fragrant, delicious, different. Out of stock Add to Wishlist Name-Brand Favorites Brown Number 4 Finest Kendal Twist $ 14.85 - $ 47.88 Select options Sale ! Blend Preferences: Straight Virginia - Sometimes (Spring/Summer) VA/BUR - Primarily VA/PER - Rarely (I believe Perique should be used as a condiment) English Mixtures (Oriental/Balkan/Latakia) - Sometimes (Fall/Winter) American - Sometimes Aromatics - Never. I was provided this from a friend in our small local pipe club to sample. Many people compare this to 1792. They are right. But I am now curious to discover what surprise awaits me in each tin UPDATE 11/27/13: I've lost count on which tin I recently opened, but my current tin is like the first few I went through: the flakes are all uniformly thin. This is definitely a close relative of 1792, but far less assertive. Where 1792's tonquin topping is over the top and Sam's Flake is too light to be noticed, Bracken Flake's topping shines. It has lots of depth, lots of flavor, and it is just all round pleasant. Samuel Gawith Balkan Flake Pipe Tobacco 50g (Tin) . Takes at least two charring lights to get it burning evenly and well. , , Felipe Felipe- Super Rothschild (Singles), Galleria tobaccos 1.5 ounce pouch (CLOSEOUT). No layering of tastes noticeable. Have enjoyed pipe smoking, again, for almost 5 years now and have tried a number of Blends all of which have been recommended by my supplier. I mostly taste the rum. I almost feel sorry for SG: it can't be easy meeting such a great demand for their quality products using such ancient machinery. Was ready as soon as I opened her up. Doing so may be difficult, though, if you like that nicotine wallop. of STC Holdings LLC. BF burns down to a fuffy white ash and leaves no dottle to speak of. Aroma: Strong and pungent, almost cigarish in aroma. Still glad i got a tin before it was too late ! You know, that earthy pleasant smell of decaying leaves and bracken glades in the woods. It's hard to gauge the strength of this flake. The flavors are intense and build rapidly while the topping or casing gradually fade into the background. list. Although experience is limited to individuals this one seems a little extreme. This is an encouraging thing to me as Condor is not available in the USA anymore. 1-800-494-9144 Sign Up for Email Specials Request a Catalog Stay connected and sign-up for emails to get exclusive deals and event info. For those who are looking for a milder tobacco that still delivers that tanginess on the back of the tongue with a little sweetness on the front, this could be an all day smoke, nothing complex but the flavor is interesting. It's just too good. From the start, Bracken has a hint of some type of Lakeland essence with a stout and rich Virginia flavor that deepens as the smoke progresses. 3 stars from me. Medium to strong in body and nic. Though offering separate blends, both brands remain forever linked and still share the same manufacturing facility in England's Lake District, utilizing processes and techniques that date to the brands' 1792 roots. I don?t detect any Tonquin. It is one of the few that sometimes benefit from judiciously dumping the ashes from the first half of the bowl in order to re-invigorate the last 3rd. One of my tins had what looked like in the sunlight sugar crystals. Also the flakes were a little difficult to rub out. CLICK HERE. Age When Smoked: Middle of a tin opened a month ago. The taste is a little closer to full than it is to medium, and its strength straddles the line between medium to full. I do not get complexity like in FVF, but a very satisfying smoke. Related Products Customers Also Viewed No bite what so ever. I would consider this a lighter weight cousin of 1792 as it lacks the tonquin that 1792 posesses. I find it very, very tasty. It brings about memories of fall leaves and pulling out what you thought was a blow pop from your week old candy bag, wondering to yourself, "How did I miss this?" Nowadays, my tastes have become subtler and more refined (which doesn't mean that this tobacco is gross and rustic: simply, it is stuff from another era). As I have understood it this blend was discontinued because of a shortage of the leaf required, but if that is the case how come 1792 and Lakeland Dark are still in production? But the sweetness is always light, if never exactly subtle. At initial fire this tobacco crowns up more than anything I've seen but it tamps down easily at second light.If you don't break it up too much in rubbing out it is a very slow, smoldering smoke. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. It might have been many years ago, when I enjoyed Gitanes cigarettes (the ones with the black tobacco). 11/19 Update - I tried it again. This particular tin contained varying sizes with the shared trait that they need rubbing and drying, how much depending on the flake in question. It isn't unpleasant, but it is rather unusual. The smoke was full flavored, slightly sweet undertones though! This is a very good smoke. This page may contain sensitive or adult content that's not for everyone. If you are not a fan of blends with a hefty dose of Lady N, than you will want to take a pass on this one. While this will never be an everyday/all-day smoke for me (not due to any short-comings but just because my tastes are changing), it will have a place reserved for it in my stock. 2023 BnB Enterprise 44621 Guilford Drive Suite 130 Ashburn, VA 20147 1-888-883-5596. The predominant taste is good, solid tobacco. Trusted SSL Protection. It seems that "our long national nightmare is over". Well, sorry, but I really can't understand how someone may like such a fermented tobacco. It is full bodied with some underlying flavoring of chocolate. Upon opening, the tin aroma is potpourri-like and I shuddered at the thought of that aroma infecting the smoke. Burns slow with a cool, clean, very smooth and consistent flavor from start to finish. I detect none of the tonquin others have noted. Give me time to buy it a bit at a time since it's not cheap and I can't just buy tons of it all at once. That said, if you like stout blends and enjoy other dark-fired offerings, this is a must-try. I am pleasantly surprised at its consistant fullness and love the 'plain jane' feel of the smoke. After a quarter this can develop a chemical likeness, unless I puff with ease; this lingers as a ghost. EDIT: Since falling head over heels in love with Kendal Cream in the tin I purchased a pound in bulk and what a difference the bulk was compared to the tin. It is more comparable to a fruitier Irish Flake than it's Lakeland brothers and sisters. This blend is composed by very high quality tobaccos, and so i highly recomended it. The Bracken Flake is a wonderful weed indeed.Upon opening the tin your greeted with an earthy tobacco smell and something that reminds me of clover honey.I dont find the aroma of the long-used essence intimidating,but those around me have commented on it.The flakes are dark and a little moist.This blend is just slightly cased and the fact that only a small amount is used will prevent it from having more than an infinitesimal effect on tobacco ignition and combustion-if any. I'd enjoy it more if I were smoking SHELLAC! As with most Lake District flakes which come this moist, I like to rub it out right away before it dries, into a broken ribbon for easy packing. Flavour and nicotine are both definitely plentiful. I will need to order more for aging this is great tobacco and doubt the 2nd tin will get more than a couple months on the shelf. By accessing Badger & Blade, you agree to abide by the Terms of Usage. Selection can be shown by a list and we can then find the product for you afterwards. My favourite being BBF I went for something that had "cocoa-chocolate", a bit stronger than BestBrown. A good solid smoke. The kinship with 1792 is undeniable, but thankfully, without the large dose of Tonquin. Nicotine is about a 8 out of 10 for me. The taste is quite full and strong on the palate, earthy, with suggestions of cherry fruit and Brazil nuts. Smoked slow, as it is intended I believe, this tobacco shows more hints of its complex nature. It's like no other flake I know. 24.30 Samuel Gawith Skiff Mixture Pipe Tobacco. The flavour is glorious, at first I get the aromatics and a mild tobacco taste, with a moderate sweetness. Things that rhyme with Brack AAAAK! One of the key words here is strong - this is not for the faint of heart, or for beginner pipe smokers. Browse our complete range oftobacco pipes,rolling tobacco,pipe tobaccoandsmoking accessories,get in touchwithGQ Tobaccos. But certainly SG's dark entries are winners too, in the # 1 and 2 categories IMO. I recommend this blend to those who like 1792, ropes and fire-cured Kendals. However, I don't think I want to pay 15.00 a 50g tin for the cheaper ones. While flavor should be the most important factor in choosing a tobac, some are just too darn fickle to deal with (like McClellands Dark Star). Wont bite even if pushed, and has no harsh or dull spots. 4 Finest Kendal Twist. As usual my yardstick for tobacco comparison is Petersons Old Dublin. Age When Smoked: Unknown (No date on Samuel Gawith tins). A buddy of mine said it tasted like good tobacco and the best tasting shoe he had ever smoked. Flavor Profile Brand Samuel Gawith Not as strong (in the nicotine or woozy dept.) Bracken Flake has more than a shake of a variety of Burley tobaccos variously cured. Drying a tobacco out wont make it harsh. They are both delicious in their own way. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Tin aroma: The first thing that is apparent when opening a tin of Bracken Flake is that it is fairly heavily scented. For me, this blend delivers & I can't find anything bad to say about my experience with BF. I was first given a tin of this from a friend who thought I might like Bracken Flake. The burley helps round it out too (but not as round as SG Kendal Cream Flake). If I could consistently acquire this, I would smoke this morning, noon, and night. Flavors of cherry, rose and a deep nuttiness are exhaled with increasing pleasure. I really enjoyed this one and of course it is no longer available. Some have criticized the look of the flake, uneven, thick/thin torn. Its nothing like the two I mentioned just shares some similar toppings Nothing beats this blend when paired with a nice cup of coffee, its the perfect wake-me-up. Dark, dark tobacco. Not sure how to describe the taste because it is different but for me I give it top rating. What kind of defies me is to decide what that scent is. I will say however that this weed is not quite as unforgiving as 1792, nor as rich. Here lies another departed tobacco from the old world. I prefer it rubbed out completely. It is earthy, a little sweet and slightly spicy. I think I'm going to get rid of it all and just hang onto my favorite two pipes and a couple tins. Very moist out of the tin, you may prefer a little dry time, although I did not do that. MSRP: $19.35 $15.99 Out of stock Compare Quick view. I love it when Gawith tells you something is flavored with a "long used essence." Which makes me wonder how long this tin has been sitting around for. Nov 15, 2010. I almost get the same sensation on the back of my throat with BF as I get when enjoying pure maple syrup though I would not suggest that this tastes like nor smells like maple. As with most flake tobaccos I simply take several flakes together, fold them in half and insert them length-wise into the bowl trimming off the excess. What little ash there is is snow white. There's also a note of hay from the Virginia, this is like a breath of fresh air against the heavy taste. It doesn't have as much topping as 1792 or Cob Plug, but has a similar flavor profile, just toned down. Real faint but this could be due to the age of the tobacco. I did not expect to like it, but was pleasantly surprised. This is REAL tobacco!! It might smoke better if dried a bit; it took several re-lights to get it going. The bowl settled down to an easy,strong and unflavorfull smoke.The tobacco burned dry to the bottom leaving a grey ash. I could smell a somewhat cocoa aroma. For some reason I've particularly enjoyed the welter of voices trying to pin this one down UPDATE 05/31/13: I'm now on my fifth tin, and I'm a little concerned with SG's quality control. Notes: I smoked this in a number of pipes, including a corncob, but I ultimately found it best in my Lakeland-dedicated Ashton, size 2. 225 USD (USD tax free)) we offer shipping included. Don't wanna pop my Full Virginia flake unless I have/can get another tin. Similar Blends: Samuel Gawith 1792 and Lakeland Dark. 4 Rope 50g Pipe Tobacco Product Number: 003-059-0011 Samuel Gawith was the son-in-law of Thomas Harrison, a snuff manufacturer who moved his trade and equipment to Kendal, Cumbria, England from Scotland in 1792. The operative word is strong. I miss the nuances of the flavors. Now where did I put the sand paper for my tongue??? 50 g tin. Thick, dry/moist flakes that you have to shake out quite a bit pack well with a light touch. I wasn't very wowed by it and it was likely due to my lack of experience with stronger tobaccos. I rub it out some before smoking, although I prefer flakes you can just roll into your pipe (which breaks them up some) and smoke. Actually, it may be slightly less intense than 1792 in the nicotine department: it IS strong, but in a small bowl it doesn't make me sweat or my heart race madly like 1792 did. I find this reminds me more of the various black rope tobaccos than of 1792. Samuel Gawith has been a producer of fine, premium tobacco products since 1792, using much of the same equipment and recipes dating back to the beginning. Free shipping! All in all, I found it to be an excellent flake for those who enjoy BIG flavor from their tobaccos. Samuel Gawith Pipe Tobacco The Samuel Gawith Company has been through many iterations, but one thing remains the same -- a tradition of excellent pipe tobacco blends. Go slow with this one as with any strong tobaccos it can get a bit bitter towards the end if you are rushing it, I also prefer it in a smaller bowl for this reason. After most of my first tin (and more tins shall follow), I can make out the chocolate/aniseed flavouring. Don't know what it is made of, don't know what it is flavored with, and can't figure out what the heck it tastes like. For goodness sake, take it BACK! It's absolutely the same approach of 1792 Flake, and while I understand that some may love it (especially those who like strong bodied cigars or Toscanos), it puts me off. No real flavors that jump out at you just a simple medium to strong smoke that really satisfies all my smoking desire. People in this forum have complained about various things with this blend. I wonder, if they used some actual bracken essence bracken is not a healthy plant to consume in any form, so perhaps that's why The Bracken Flake has been discontinued? Cool smoke, rich flavor, lovely mildness. Hopefully their tinning issues have gotten worked out and they will get their production back to normal soon. This is still a high quality tobacco that will be suited to full flavor smokers. All round a good enjoyable relaxing smoke but if you smoke it too quickly you will lose the pepper and get burned instead. GQ Tobaccos, we often get quizzed about cigars and , Samuel Gawith - Grousemoor - 50g Loose Pipe Tobacco, Samuel Gawith - Cabbies Mixture Loose - 50g Pouch, Samuel Gawith - Lakeland Dark Pipe Tobacco - Loose, Samuel Gawith - Reunion Series - Brown House Roll Cut (Loose), Samuel Gawith -Bothy Flake Pipe Tobacco - Loose, Samuel Gawith -Perfection Pipe Tobacco - Loose, Samuel Gawith - Navy Flake Pipe Tobacco - Loose, Pipe Tobacco Sampler - Samuel Gawith Bestsellers - 40g Total, Pipe Tobacco Sampler - Samuel Gawith Flake 1 - 40g Total, Samuel Gawith -Best Brown Flake Pipe Tobacco - Loose, Samuel Gawith - Lakeland Dark - 50g Tin, Samuel Gawith - Black Cherry Pipe Tobacco - Loose, Samuel Gawith - Celtic Talisman - 50g Tin, Samuel Gawith - Kendal Cream Flake - 50g Tin, Lighting Procedure for Dunhill Tobacco Pipes. I picture a lone arthritic old man who should have retired twenty years ago doing his best to meet his onerous quotas, slicing as quick as he can on his clunky Victorian machine in some Dickensian stone cellar. Room note is that of a quality cigar. Appearance: Small flake, with some broken, and some whole. It leaves me perfectly satisfied. I think this blend is Gawith 1792 Flake with an added flavoring that has been substituted for the Tonquin in 1792. I would not call it an everyday smoke by a long shot, but it is a very unique, flavorful, and strong smoking experience. This is a dark flake, somewhat thin with a nice earthy smell to it. It's about a tobacco that finally made me realise that whatever you know, there is something more to experience. The sweetness and topping/casing never fully leave, yet their initial flavors have matured and ripened into a fascinating mixture of stewed fruits and rich adult pleasures. I love a good traditional English flake. If 1792 is too much but you still kinda like dark flakes, try this one. Love this blend and will keep it in my rotation. I agree that it needs to be smoked slowly as there are many flavors that can be experienced as its sipped; cherry, licorice, sweet maduro leaf and chocolate to name a few. As the bowl progresses the topping recedes into the background as the strong tobaccos take the fore. 1792), located in Kendal in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, grew their business apart from sibling company Gawith Hoggarth, but now the two are united once again under one roof. I have increased the time to a full hour for this review smoke. Very dark and rich, monochromatic and powerful, but not bitter or over the top. Samuel Gawith was the son-in-law of Thomas Harrison, a snuff manufacturer who moved his trade I don't think this was due to nicotine since I've had some powerhouses in the past (pipe and cigs). Really nice blend. If you aren't ready for a strong full bodied smoke then this one will be hard to enjoy. #5. All that said, I'm not a big Lakeland fan. Samuel Gawith Cabbies Roll Cut Mixture Pipe Tobacco 250g Bag. Temporarily out of stock. Part of it could be the age difference of the tins (fresh with the 1792, years with the Bracken), but the Bracken is deeper, richer, and earthier. As recommended I have allowed it to dry out a fair bit. As for the tonquin present in and strength of this blend, Bracken Flake is more companionable than 1792 Flake, but BF is still quite full and best on a full stomach. After leaving this tobacco out all night, it was still not completely dry, so I may try leaving it under a lamp for a while next time. I sampled a few draws before lighting but could not discern the taste which was very slight. I smoked all three bowls yesterday so that is all she wrote. This bowl was much better than the first. but it sure has a strong room note. Similar Blends: Samuel Gawith 1792, Dunhill Royal Yacht, Sams Flake, Gawith and Hogarth Dark Flake. I stopped smoking pipes pretty much. The tin note from the ''long used essence'' truly reminds me of star anise, and the whole aroma reminds me of a particular kind of chinese stew with beef/potatoes/carrots whose whole flavor profile revolves around this spicy/sweet accord between ginger, sugar, anise and cinamon. Virginia tobaccos with a small amount of Latakia pressed in flakes that are thick and stunning to look at. I broke it up into little pieces and although it was tolerable, I still didn't get a sense of rich flavorful tobac. I ordered 2 tins one for now and one to age. This could be an all dayer as opposed to the heaviness of 1792. Desert Island Blend - Samuel Gawith Bracken Flake. Samuel Gawith $15.00 - $44.63 (1 review) Write a Review SKU: 100-8385 Size: (Required) 50 g. 8 oz. No bite with a noticable nicotine content.not much if any flavor. There's a hint of fruit, like cherry liqueur, and just a hint of fire, with woody, rotting leaves in the background. I dont know for sure. The soapy, floral tonquin topping is very noticeable without drowning out the tobaccos, and I think perhaps just a little fruit may have been added as well. Perhaps this has some orientals giving rise to this whisper underlying and playing off the sweetness? Put side by side with Condor (another classic English scented flake) they smell very similar. I've been seeing more comments lately about these variations in SG's flakes. I also recommend reading the other reviews for this blend. There is a sweet component to the smell, and that carries over to the smoke. What hit me was not the spicyness of the flavour but how sigularly peppery it is which appealed to me. This is a sipping tobacco, and as a true Gawith flake it smokes long. I recommend it for some quiet and "introvert" moments to enjoy it. Samuel Gawith Samuel Gawith Pipe Tobacco There is not a pipe tobacco company currently, or past, that epitomizes the word tradition more so than Samuel Gawith, with its recipes dating back to almost a decade before 1800.