what idea was espoused with the webster hayne debates

Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. Well, the southern states were infuriated. They switched from a. the tariff of 1828 to national power . And what has been the consequence? MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . . Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. I feel like its a lifeline. . . . Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. Thirty years before the Civil War broke out, disunion appeared to be on the horizon with the Nullification Crisis. . Expert Answers. During his first years in Congress, Webster railed against President James Madison 's war policies, invoking a states' rights argument to oppose a conscription bill that went down to defeat.. Webster-Hayne Debate book. It was about protectionist tariffs.The speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were not planned. Go to these cities now, and ask the question. Under that system, the legal actionthe application of law to individuals, belonged exclusively to the states. But I take leave of the subject. This government, sir, is the independent offspring of the popular will. The Webster-Hayne debate concluded with Webster's ringing endorsement of "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." In contrast, Hayne espoused the radical states' rights doctrine of nullification, believing that a state could prevent a federal law from being enforced within its borders. I understand him to maintain this right, as a right existing under the Constitution; not as a right to overthrow it, on the ground of extreme necessity, such as would justify violent revolution. The Webster-Hayne debate laid out key issues faced by the Senate in the 1820s and 1830s. Though Webster made an impassioned argument, the political, social, and economic traditions of New England informed his ideas about the threatened nation. . I love a good debate. On that system, Carolina has no more interest in a canal in Ohio than in Mexico. . Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. Certainly, sir, I am, and ever have been of that opinion. . 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It would enable Congress and the Executive to exercise a control over states, as well as over great interests in the country, nay, even over corporations and individualsutterly destructive of the purity, and fatal to the duration of our institutions. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 26 and 27, 1830. Why was the Hayne-Webster debate important? - eNotes.com Debate on the Constitutionality of the Mexican War, Letters and Journals from the Oregon Trail. . I regard domestic slavery as one of the greatest of evils, both moral and political. . Webster realized that if the social, political, and economic elite of Massachusetts and the Northeast were to once again lay claim to national leadership, he had to justify New England's previous history of sectionalism within a framework of nationalistic progression. After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. It has always been regarded as a matter of domestic policy, left with the states themselves, and with which the federal government had nothing to do. The whole form and structure of the federal government, the opinions of the Framers of the Constitution, and the organization of the state governments, demonstrate that though the states have surrendered certain specific powers, they have not surrendered their sovereignty. . Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in In January 1830, a debate on the nature of sovereignty in the America. We do not impose geographical limits to our patriotic feeling or regard; we do not follow rivers and mountains, and lines of latitude, to find boundaries, beyond which public improvements do not benefit us. Webster and Hayne on the American Constitution They ordained such a government; they gave it the name of a Constitution, and therein they established a distribution of powers between this, their general government, and their several state governments. These verses recount the first occurrence of slavery. One of the most storied match-ups in Senate history, the 1830 Webster-Hayne debate began with a beef between Northeast states and Western states over a plan to restrict . Webster-Hayne debate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Finally, sir, the honorable gentleman says, that the states will only interfere, by their power, to preserve the Constitution. Hayne began the debate by speaking out against a proposal by the northern states which suggested that the federal government should stop its surveyance of land west of the Mississippi and shift its focus to selling the land it had already surveyed. Southern states advocated for strong, sovereign state governments, a small federal government, the western expansion of the agricultural economy, and with it, the maintenance of the institution of slavery. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. a. an explanation of natural events that is well supported by scientific evidence b. a set of rules for ethical conduct during an experiment c. a statement that describes how natural events happen d. a possible answer to a scientific question This leads, sir, to the real and wide difference, in political opinion, between the honorable gentleman and myself. . we find the most opposite and irreconcilable opinions between the two parties which I have before described. Hayne's few but zealous partizans shielded him still, and South Carolina spoke with pride of him. Sir, there does not exist, on the face of the whole earth, a population so poor, so wretched, so vile, so loathsome, so utterly destitute of all the comforts, conveniences, and decencies of life, as the unfortunate blacks of Philadelphia, and New York, and Boston. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? ", What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?. To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. . This seemed like an Eastern spasm of jealousy at the progress of the West. The Revelation on Celestial Marriage: Trouble Amon Hon. We could not send them back to the shores from whence their fathers had been taken; their numbers forbade the thought, even if we did not know that their condition here is infinitely preferable to what it possibly could be among the barren sands and savage tribes of Africa; and it was wholly irreconcilable with all our notions of humanity to tear asunder the tender ties which they had formed among us, to gratify the feelings of a false philanthropy. . . As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 . He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 20, 1830. Ostend Manifesto of 1854 Overview & Purpose | What was the Ostend Manifesto? Webster's description of the U.S. government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people," was later paraphrased by Abraham Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address in the words "government of the people, by the people, for the people." The arena selected for a first impression was the Senate, where the arch-heretic himself presided and guided the onset with his eye. Benton was rising in renown as the advocate not only of Western settlers but of a new theory that the public lands should be given away instead of sold to them. Besides that, however, the federal government was still figuring out its role in American society. But I do not admit that, under the Constitution, and in conformity with it, there is any mode in which a state government, as a member of the Union, can interfere and stop the progress of the general government, by force of her own laws, under any circumstances whatever. On the one side it is contended that the public land ought to be reserved as a permanent fund for revenue, and future distribution among the states, while, on the other, it is insisted that the whole of these lands of right belong to, and ought to be relinquished to, the states in which they lie. President Andrew Jackson had just been elected, most of the states got rid of property requirements for voting, and an entire new era of democracy was being born. This is the true constitutional consolidation. The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. . Hayne launched his confident javelin at the New England States. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 19, 1830. It is, sir, the peoples Constitution, the peoples government; made for the people; made by the people; and answerable to the people. . . We are ready to make up the issue with the gentleman, as to the influence of slavery on individual and national characteron the prosperity and greatness, either of the United States, or of particular states. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. . Webster-Hayne Debate - Federalism in America - CSF By establishing justice, promoting domestic tranquility, and securing the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. This is the true reading of the Constitution. While the debaters argued about slavery, the economy, protection tariffs, and western land, the real implication was the meaning of the United States Constitution. Why? In the course of my former remarks, I took occasion to deprecate, as one of the greatest of evils, the consolidation of this government. . . If this Constitution, sir, be the creature of state Legislatures, it must be admitted that it has obtained a strange control over the volitions of its creators. Most people of the time supported a small central government and strong state governments, so the federal government was much weaker than you might have expected. Nor those other words of delusion and folly,liberty first, and union afterwardsbut everywhere, spread all over in characters of living light, blazing on all its ample folds, as they float over the sea and over the land, and in every wind under the whole Heavens, that other sentiment, dear to every true American heartliberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable! I know, full well, that it is, and has been, the settled policy of some persons in the South, for years, to represent the people of the North as disposed to interfere with them, in their own exclusive and peculiar concerns. Webster-Hayne Debate. What they said I believe; fully and sincerely believe, that the Union of the states is essential to the prosperity and safety of the states. The people were not satisfied with it, and undertook to establish a better. Help if you can :) please and ty Differences between Northern and Southern ideas of good governance, which eventually led to the American Civil War, were beginning to emerge. Webster's second reply to Hayne, in January 1830, became a famous defense of the federal union: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Just beneath the surface of this debate lay the elements of the developing sectional crisis between North and South. No doubt can exist, that, before the states entered into the compact, they possessed the right to the fullest extent, of determining the limits of their own powersit is incident to all sovereignty. They will not destroy it, they will not impair itthey will only save, they will only preserve, they will only strengthen it! Sir, when gentlemen speak of the effects of a common fund, belonging to all the states, as having a tendency to consolidation, what do they mean? . But the feeling is without all adequate cause, and the suspicion which exists wholly groundless. [2] We deal in no abstractions. . The debate continued, in some ways not being fully settled until the completion of the Civil War affirmed the power of the federal government to preserve the Union over the sovereignty of the states to leave it. Ah! Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. . Webster and the northern states saw the Constitution as binding the individual states together as a single union. . What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? To them, the more money the central government made, the stronger it became and the more it took rights away from the states to govern themselves. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Webster's speech aroused the latent spirit of patriotism. When the honorable member rose, in his first speech, I paid him the respect of attentive listening; and when he sat down, though surprised, and I must say even astonished, at some of his opinions, nothing was farther from my intention than to commence any personal warfare: and through the whole of the few remarks I made in answer, I avoided, studiously and carefully, everything which I thought possible to be construed into disrespect. Next, the Union was held up to view in all its strength, symmetry, and integrity, reposing in the ark of the Constitution, no longer an experiment, as in the days when Hamilton and Jefferson contended for shaping its course, but ordained and established by and for the people, to secure the blessings of liberty to all posterity. . Wilmot Proviso of 1846: Overview & Significance | What was the Wilmot Proviso? The significance of Daniel Webster's argument went far beyond the immediate proposal at hand. He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789. . Where in these debates do we see a possible argument in defense of Constitutional secession by the states, later claimed by the Southern Confederacy before, during, and after the Civil War? South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Secession (1860), Jefferson Daviss Inaugural Address (1861), Documents in Detail: The Webster-Hayne Debates, Remarks in Congress on the Tariff of Abominations, Check out our collection of primary source readers. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Northern states intended to strengthen the federal government, binding the states in the union under one supreme law, and eradicating the use of slave labor in the rapidly growing nation. They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. Address to the Slaves of the United States. The people read Webster's speech and marked him as the champion henceforth against all assaults upon the Constitution. It has been said that Hayne was Calhoun's sword and buckler and that he returned to the contest refreshed each morning by nightly communions with the Vice-President, drawing auxiliary supplies from the well-stored arsenal of his powerful and subtle mind. We who come here, as agents and representatives of these narrow-minded and selfish men of New England, consider ourselves as bound to regard, with equal eye, the good of the whole, in whatever is within our power of legislation. Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South. At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. The Webster-Hayne Debates | Teaching American History Would it be safe to confide such a treasure to the keeping of our national rulers? It is the servant of four-and-twenty masters, of different wills and different purposes, and yet bound to obey all. If this is to become one great consolidated government, swallowing up the rights of the states, and the liberties of the citizen, riding and ruling over the plundered ploughman, and beggared yeomanry,[8] the Union will not be worth preserving. There was an end to all apprehension. The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. . Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. Sir, we will not stop to inquire whether the black man, as some philosophers have contended, is of an inferior race, nor whether his color and condition are the effects of a curse inflicted for the offences of his ancestors. Sir, I have had some opportunities of making comparisons between the condition of the free Negroes of the North and the slaves of the South, and the comparison has left not only an indelible impression of the superior advantages of the latter, but has gone far to reconcile me to slavery itself. Rachel Venter is a recent graduate of Metropolitan State University of Denver. . . This will co-operate with the feelings of patriotism to induce a state to avoid any measures calculated to endanger that connection.

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