rajatarangini was translated into persian by

This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. Son of Aksha. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old-style language, Sanskrit. [Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis 7], SlajeWalter", "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir", Baharistan-i-Shahi: A Chronicle of Mediaeval Kashmir, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shah_Mir_dynasty&oldid=1141211558, Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. A Short Note On Kalhana's Rajatarangini - Unacademy He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). section. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. Shivajis Guru was Shree Samarth Ramdas was a noted 17th-century saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra. Raman Menon, an erudite scholar in both Sanskrit and Malayalam during his time. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. [citation needed]. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. Check ' ' translations into Persian. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Wife of Damodara. Render date: 2023-03-04T12:29:12.553Z [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Made king by the minister Shura. Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Sultan Sikandar (1389-1413 CE), was the sixth ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). [32] He died in 1550 after being killed in battle with the Kashmiris. In the Indian history, Madurai was the capita of Pandyas. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Sanskrit After this battle, the regions of Ladakh and Baltistan which were under the rule of Kashgar came under the rule of Shah Miris.Sultan also marched towards Delhi and the army of Feroz Shah Tughlaq opposed him at the banks of River Satluj. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. How do people make money on survival on Mars? Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. Kalhana was a poet. Who translated the Ramayan & Mahabharata into Persia? What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). Who translated Ramayana into Persian? | Indian History - Sawaal Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. He showed shockingly progressed specialised mastery for the time in his anxiety for offbeat sources. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. Total loading time: 0 Sussala's son. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. View Answer . Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. From there, Buddhism spread to several other adjoining regions including Central Asia, Tibet and China. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. all exact any . Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. [21][25] However, Sikandar was also the first Kashmiri ruler to convert destroyed temples into Islamic shrines, and such a display of supremacy probably had its origins in religious motivations. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. Mughal contributions to literature and Music - KPSC Exam Free Notes Unreliable Sources - The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam. [18][19] A welfare-state was installed oppressive taxes were abolished, and free schools and hospitals were commissioned. His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. Made in Kasmir, Rajputana, and Central India, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, The King of Controversy: History and Nation-Making in Late Colonial India, The Frail Hero and Virile History: Gender and the Politics of Culture in Colonial Bengal, Vernacular Histories in Late Nineteenth-Century Banaras: Folklore, Puranas and the New Antiquarianism, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 17001960, The Making of an Indian Nationalist Archive: Lakshmibai, Jhansi, and 1857, Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Kings of Kashmira: Being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work Rajatarangini of Kahlana Pandita, Kings of Kashmira: A Translation of the Sanskrita Work of Jonaraja, Shrivara and of Prajyabhatta and Shuka, History of KashmiraA Contribution Towards Ancient Indian History, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib, Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldun Orientalist, The BJP's Intellectual Agenda: Textbooks and Imagined History, A Critical Study of Indo-Persian Literature: During Sayyid and Lodi Period, 14141526, Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times, Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Pretexts and Paratexts: The Art of the Peripheral, The Question of History in Precolonial India, Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context, The Hindi Public Sphere, 19201940: Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, Rajatarangini: The Saga of the Kings of Kasmir, The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir, Aurel Stein in Kashmir: The Sanskritist of Mohand Marg, Invisible Women, Visible Histories: Gender, Society, and Polity in North India, Seventh to Twelfth Century AD, Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 16001800, Defining the Household: Some Aspects of Prescription and Practice in Early India, Turbulent Waves: Construction of Gender Relations in the, Negotiating India's Past: Essays in Memory of Partha Sarathi Gupta, History as Conceived by the Ancient Hindu and Other Nations, Ancient Indian Historiography: Sources and Interpretations, Medieval Kashmir and the Science of History, South Asia Institute, University of Texas, Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain, Studies of the Kashmir Council of Research. The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. Who translated Ramayana into Persian language? - Toppr Ask Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics Cultural Life during the Sultanate Period - History Discussion [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. [6], No kings mentioned in this book have been traced in any other historical source. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Feature Flags: { Verse 15. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. "useRatesEcommerce": false The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a historical text on this region. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. 3 Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. He erected a monument at. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? Her son was Chippatajayapida. 1 These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. . Son of Vajraditya II and Mangjarika. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). (I.191) He belonged to. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. Another television serial based on this work has been completed by National Award winning director, Jyoti Sarup. Turn on. Verse 14. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. The most glorious period of the Lodi Dynasty was the ruling period of Sikander Lodi. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Mahabharata, Ramayana, Atharva Veda, Lilawati, Rajatarangini translated into Persian. He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. Persian Literature During Delhi Sultanate - MCQ Books It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas Examples translated by humans: MyMemory, World's Largest Translation Memory. He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. Son of Jayapida and Durgi. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. The young Chippatajayapida was advised by his maternal uncle Utpalaka or Utpala (IV.679). The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the Kalhana Rajatarangini is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. He called back the Hindus who left Kashmir during his father's reign. Little is known about the author Kalhana (c. 12th century CE), apart from what is written in the book. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. In 1380 C.E. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. A Persian Mahabharata: The 1598-1599 Razmnama does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social and educational reformer, was an idealist who contributed immensely in eradicating social evils prevalent in the society during the 18th century.He was popularly known as "Father of Modern India". [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. Please abide by our community guidelines for posting your comments. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. He was known for his religious tolerance. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Rajatarangini - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Son of Partha. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. Match words . Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. But oddly enough, no translation of the work into Malayalam had been attempted all this time until Raman Menon, a scholar and author of numerous books in Malayalam including an extensive commentary of Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Ramdas was a devotee of Hanuman and Rama. Comments have to be in English, and in full sentences. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? Corrections? Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. Established the city of. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Smaller Kingdoms during Sultanate Era - Jagranjosh.com The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Zain-ul-Abidin was the eighth sultan of Kashmir. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. Hari Parbat is visible in the background. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in Harsha of Kashmir's court. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. Haksar captured the mystique of Indias coordinates in this couplet: [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. Book III starts with an account of the reign of Meghavahana of the restored line of Gonanda and refers to the brief reign of Matrigupta, a supposed contemporary of Vikramaditya Harsha of Malwa. Let us know more about Rajatarangini. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. An astrologer prophesied that his son-in-law would succeed him as the king. After that, the English translation. Translating the Past: Rethinking Rajatarangini Narratives in Colonial

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